沈氏芒针深刺腰夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症的相关研究
王子臣1,杨晓锋1,李 青1,陈 帅2,张东旭1,张丽玲1,严振国3
(1.石家庄市第一医院,河北050011;2.沧州市中西医结合医院,河北061001; 3.上海中医药大学,上海020011)
摘要:目的:探讨沈氏芒针深刺对应腰椎间盘突出椎间隙的腰夹脊穴为主穴,治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效、机理和安全性。方法:选择腰椎间盘突出症患者100例,用单盲随机法分为50例患者作为芒针组,50例患者作为毫针组。芒针组主穴予以芒针刺法,毫针组主穴予以毫针刺法。另选择腰椎间盘突出症急性疼痛者60例,按照随机数字表法分为沈氏芒针组和口服双氯芬酸钠组各30例。沈氏芒针组主穴予以芒针治疗。口服双氯芬酸钠组给予口服双氯芬酸钠治疗。观察比较各组的愈显率。又选取芒针深刺腰夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症有效病例30例,用芒针深刺腰夹脊穴得气后即刻进行CT扫描,实时记录得气时针尖深度及针体、针尖所在的解剖位置。结果:芒针组愈显率为88.0%,明显高于毫针组愈显率70.0%(P<0.05);沈氏芒针组总有效率96.67%,明显高于口服双氯芬酸钠组76.67%(P<0.05)。CT扫描的30例平均进针深度78mm,有放电感的25例,针尖均显示位于神经根旁;有麻木、走串感的5例,针尖均未靠近神经根;观察3d未出现并发症。结论:芒针深刺腰夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全可靠、得气感强、疗效显著,这与进针较深针尖能靠近腰脊神经根有关;符合精准医疗的发展方向。
关键词:针灸;芒针;九针;腰夹脊穴;腰椎间盘突出症;CT
Related Research about the Treatment of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation with Shen's Awn Needle Deep Puncture in the Waist Jiaji Acupuncture Point
WANG Zichen1, YANG Xiaofeng1, LI Qing1, CHEN Shuai2, ZHANG Dongxu1, ZHANG Liling1, YAN Zhenguo3
(1 Shijiazhuang first hospital,Hebei 050011 ,China;2 Cangzhou hospital of integrated TCM-WM·Hebei,Hebei 061001, China 3 Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 020011,China )
Abstract: Objective: To explored the efficacy, mechanism and safety of Shen's awn needle deep puncture in the waist Jiaji acupuncture point for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods: First Clinical research:100 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were selected.With single-blind randomized method,the 100 patients were divided into 2 groups . The Shen's awn needle group used Shen's awn needle deep puncturie method, and Filiform needle puncture group used commonly Filiform needle puncture.Second Clinical research:60 cases with acute pain patients of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were selected, which were divided into Shen's awn needle group and oral diclofenac group,according to the random number table method,with 30 cases each group.The Shen's awn needle group was treated with Shen's awn needle deep puncture method.Oral diclofenac group was treated with oral diclofenac. Cure rate and effective rate of two groups were observed.Third Clinical research: Selected 30 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation had be treated with the effective treatment of Shen's awn needle deep puncture method.When the Shen's awn needle deep punctured in the waist JiajI acupuncture point ,immediately did a CT scan .Real-time recorded needle depth and the anatomical position of needle and needle tip . Results :First Clinical research: Cure rate and effective rate of Shen's awn needle group was 88.0%, significantly higher than that of Filiform needle puncture group 70.0%(P < 0.05). Second Clinical research:The Cure rate and effective rate of Shen's awn needle group was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than that of oral diclofenac group 76.67% (P < 0.05).Third Clinical research: The average injection depth of 30 cases of CT scan was 78mm.There are 25 cases had inductive inductance, and the tip of the needle was located next to the nerve root. There are 5 cases had numbness and sense of walking, and the tip is not close to the nerve root. No complications were observed in 3d. Conclusion: For The treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation with Shen's awn needle deep puncture in the waist JiajI acupuncture point is safe, reliable and effective. It was because that the Shen's awn needle tip was next to the spinal nerve root. It Conformed to the development direction of precision medicine.
Key words: Acupuncture and moxibustion, Awn needle,Nine kinds of needles,Waist Jiaji acupoint,Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation,CT
芒针属《黄帝内经》“九针”的长针。《灵枢·九针论》: …长针…长七寸,主取深邪远痹者也…。”芒针创始人沈金山(1895.12—1968.10),受《灵枢·九针论》“长针”的启发,成功地验证了针体长治病效果好的长针疗法,并于1928年前后用德国进口细钢丝制成了29—31号5寸到3尺的长针;因为这种针具细而长形如麦芒,故定名为芒针;今人称“沈氏芒针” [1]。芒针的特点是针身长、进针深;能一穴进针循经透刺多个穴位,得气快、针感强、放射远、见效快,确如《灵枢·九针十二原》“…气至而有效,效之信,若风吹云;明乎若见苍天…”。1958年中华人民共和国卫生部授予沈金山先生“破除迷信,解放思想,卫生医药技术革命先锋”称号和金质奖章一枚[1]。1959年,由沈金山先生弟子赵宏岐大夫口述、沈金山先生审校,北京市针灸门诊部编写了《芒针疗法》[2]。书中记载治疗腰痛的主穴包括:肾腧、大肠腧,采用捻转缓进的刺法,深度达3-5寸,并附有芒针治愈腰痛的病例,内容如下:
xx 男 50岁 天津虹桥区 1957年3月门诊。
主诉:腰痛三年余。
发病经过及症状:病起三年余,腰痛、弯腰困难,仰或左右转动时疼痛加重,局部有显著压痛,不能仰卧。曾在天津某院诊断为腰椎间盘突出症。先后住院达二年之久,无显著疗效,院方要动手术,患者拒绝而做芒针治疗。
诊断:腰痛。
选穴:肾俞 命门 八髎 膀胱俞 大肠俞 委中 环跳。
手法:捻转进针,缓慢轻刺。
治疗方法及效果:每日一次,共治疗二月后,症状有显著减轻,可以平卧且可做腰部轻微活动,三个月以后,隔日一次,总共治疗八个月约150次症状完全消失,恢复正常工作[2]。
笔者有幸于1999年从师天津中医药大学第一附属医院芒针专家方广才老师,方老是沈先生的高徒,他特别擅长用沈氏芒针深刺腰夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症。鉴于对深刺腰夹脊穴安全性及有效性的了考虑,笔者做了用沈氏芒针深刺对应腰椎间盘突出椎间隙的夹脊穴相关研究。
1临床研究
1.1芒针结合CT定位深刺腰夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床研究
选择腰椎间盘突出症患者100例,符合诊断标准,均经CT 检查确诊。用单盲随机法分为50例患者作为芒针组,50例患者作为毫针组。芒针组主穴予以芒针刺法,毫针组予以常用的毫针刺法。结果:两组患者治疗前后腰椎功能评分皆有明显提高,每一组治疗前后比较的差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组治疗后组间比较的差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。芒针组愈显率为88.0%,毫针组愈显率70.0%,两组患者治疗后愈显率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)[3]。
1.2沈氏芒针治疗腰椎间盘突出症急性疼痛的研究
选择腰椎间盘突出症急性疼痛者60例,将60例腰椎间盘突出症急性疼痛患者按照随机数字表法分为沈氏芒针组和口服双氯芬酸钠组各30例。沈氏芒针组主穴予以芒针治疗。口服双氯芬酸钠组给予口服双氯芬酸钠治疗。观察对比两种治疗方法对急性疼痛的影响。结果2组治疗后每周疼痛发作次数、持续时间、疼痛程度均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),且沈氏芒针组改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。沈氏芒针组总有效率96.67%,明显高于口服双氯芬酸钠组76.67%(P<0.05)[4]。
1.3治疗方法:
患者取俯卧位,经穴定位依照《经络腧穴学》[5]定位。主穴为对应椎间盘突出的椎间隙的腰夹脊穴,用0.35 mm ×100 mm 针(华佗牌一次性无菌针灸针)直刺,施双手夹持进针,轻捻慢进,徐徐而入3.0 ~4.0 寸,得气感以患者下肢有明显走窜感或放电感为度;得气后施逆时针捻转补法1 min,缓慢捻转出针按压针孔2 min。配穴L3/L4椎间盘突出取髀关,L4/L5 椎间盘突出取阳陵泉,L5/S1 椎间盘突出取委中,用0.35mm ×50mm 针直刺1.0 ~2.0 寸按一般酸麻胀重标准得气后施捻转泻法1 min,留针20 min。每日1 次,周六、周日休息,连续治疗2周(10 次)为1个疗程。1个疗程后评价疗效[3-4]。
2影像学研究
选取芒针深刺腰夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症有效病例3O例,一般资料无特殊。
2.1操作方法
患者俯卧于CT扫描机床,主穴为对应椎间盘突出的椎间隙的腰夹脊穴,用芒针刺法得气后即刻进行CT扫描,以记录得气时针尖深度及针体、针尖所在的解剖位置。CT采集图像结束后,缓慢捻转出针并做稍事休息,临床观察3 d无不良反应。
2.2 结果
得气者30例,其中有放电感者(自大腿前侧传至大脚趾处)25例,有麻木、走串感者5例(自大腿前侧传至腘窝)。
2.2 进针深度 CT扫描图像及重建图像显示全组进针深度平均为78 mm,其中不足70 mm者5例,70~80 mm者l5例,80~100 mm者l0例。
2.3 针体、针尖与腰体内组织的关系 CT扫描可清晰识别芒针在体内走行位置及针尖与周围组织器官关系(见图1-4)。全组患者芒针由外到内均依次走行于皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜,肌层、脊神经根、骨纤维孔、椎体、腰大肌,针尖位于神经根、椎小关节下方、椎体后缘及竖脊肌区。其中有放电感者25例,针尖均显示刺于神经根位置,具体见表1,有麻木、走串感者5例[6]。具体见表2
图1 :芒针针体依次走行于皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜,肌层(黑箭头),针尖位于右侧L3-4神经根走行区(白箭头)
图2:芒针针尖位于L3左侧神经根走行区(白箭头)
图3:芒针针尖位于左侧腰大肌肌间(白箭头)
中国的长针疗法源远流长,先有《黄帝内经》:“九针…长针…”,后有《华佗传》[7]:“阿善针术…。巨阙胸藏针下五六寸,病辄皆瘳”,再到上世纪的沈氏芒针;历史两千多年,几经兴起和失传。今天借助CT这一现代化手段继承学习研究中国长针,经过以上临床观察和影像研究,证实芒针深刺腰部夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全、有效,特别符合精准医疗的发展方向,非常值得发扬和推广应用。
参考文献
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