世界针灸学会联合会

电针结合补肾健脾方对老年性骨质疏松症的改善以及骨密度、骨生化指标的影响

作者:孙梦晓 来源:本站原创 点击:2274次 更新:2018-08-01
  

 周志华1

(1余杭佳辰门诊部)

摘要:目的:探究电针结合补肾健脾方对老年性骨质疏松症(OP)的改善以及骨密度、骨生化指标的影响。方法:选取2016年4月-2017年4月收治的112例老年性OP患者临床资料进行分析,将其分成对照组(56例)与研究组(56例),对照组行补肾健脾方治疗,研究组于对照组基础上联合电针治疗,比较两组骨质疏松症症状分级、腰椎骨密度、骨生化指标水平。结果:研究组骨质疏松症症状分级中,目眩(0.64±0.02)分、腰背疼痛(0.84±0.07)分、步履维艰(0.86±0.05)分、下肢疼痛(0.83±0.07)分均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组腰椎骨密度L1-L2(725.07±7.45)mg/cm3、L1-L4(653.96±3.03)mg/cm3、L3-L4(609.16±12.36)mg/cm3显著优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组与对照组治疗前骨生化指标水平无显著差异性(P>0.05),治疗后差异比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后研究组血清OPN(26.68±4.47)ng/mL较对照组优(P<0.05)。结论:老年性OP采取补肾健脾方结合电针治疗可有效提升疗效,改善患者预后,具临床推广及应用价值。

关键词:老年性骨质疏松症;补肾健脾方;电针;骨密度

Effect of Electroacupuncture Combined with Bushen Jianpi Recipe on the Improvement of Senile Osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Biochemical Indexes

ZHOU Zhihua1

(1 Jia Chen outpatient department of Yuhang)

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture combined with Bushen Jianpi Recipe on the improvement of senile osteoporosis (OP) and the bone mineral density and biochemical indexes of bone. Methods:The clinical data of 112 elderly patients with OP who had been seeking treatment in the hospital between April 2016 and April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively and divided into a control group (n=56) and a study group (n=56): the control group was treated with Bushen Jianpi Recipe, whereas the study group was given both Bushen Jianpi Recipe and electroacupuncture for treatment. The osteoporosis symptom grading, lumbar bone mineral density and bone biochemical index were compared between the two groups. Results: In terms of scores for osteoporosis symptoms, dizziness was (0.64±0.02) in the study group, pain in back and loin was (0.84±0.07), walking difficulty was (0.86±0.05) and pain in lower limbs was (0.83±0.07), all shown to be lower than the control group (P<0.05). As for the lumbar bone mineral density, L1-L2 was (725.07±7.45)mg/cm3 in the study group, L1-L4 was (653.96±3.03)mg/cm3 and L3-L4 was (609.16±12.36)mg/cm3, all significantly better than the control group, where the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference registered in the bone biochemical indexes between the two groups (P>0.05), after treatment however, the difference became statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference registered in the blood calcium between the two groups (P>0.05); after treatment, the serum OPN in the study group was (26.68±4.47)ng/mL, shown to be better than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: For senile OP, Bushen Jianpi Recipe combined with electroacupuncture can effectively improve the curative effect and prognosis, and therefore, it is of significant value to be popularized in clinical application.

Key words: Senile Osteoporosis, Bushen Jianpi Recipe, Electroacupuncture, Bone Mineral Density

       老年性骨质疏松症(OP)为较常见一种老年群体性骨科疾病,临床又称其为退行性OP,医学上将其归于原发性骨质疏松症Ⅱ型[1]。该疾病患者临床上多表现出胸闷、驼背、腰背痛及身高缩短等症状,易发生骨折,且老年人群体因其自身机体减退导致治疗难度加大,影响着患者生活质量[2]。目前,临床主要治疗方案为药物治疗,主要目的在于改善患者的骨骼密度,从而预防骨折发生,使患者腰背痛感减轻,进而提升患者预后质量,促进满意度提升[3-4]。近年来,随着中医临床研究的深入,电针治疗逐渐应用于临床,且取得较高疗效。为明确电针与中药补肾健脾方相结合治疗老年性OP对患者骨密度及骨生化指标等的影响,我院针对性选取112例患者资料予以分析,并作报告如下。

1 资料与方法

      1.1 一般资料选取2016年4月-2017年4月收治的112例老年性OP患者临床资料进行分析,将其分成对照组(56例)与研究组(56例)。对照组男女比例30:26,年龄61-80岁,平均(72.34±5.21)岁;病程2-10y,平均(5.02±1.13)y。研究组男女比例31:25,年龄62-81岁,平均(72.45±5.33)岁;病程3-11y,平均(5.18±1.24)y。所有患者均签署知情同意书,本次研究经医学伦理委员会的批准,两组基线资料(P>0.05),具可比性。

      1.2 纳入及排除标准  纳入标准:经临床体征、CT或X线、骨密度仪等检查确诊,中医体征为脉沉细、舌淡白;排除标准:不配合治疗者,并发甲状腺疾病者,长期进行糖皮质激素治疗者。

      1.3 方法  对照组予以补肾健脾方治疗,方药及剂量:淮山药、狗脊、杜仲、川断、黄芪各20g,熟地30g,山萸肉12g,党参15g,甘草6g,柴胡、升麻、陈皮、丹皮、白术、茯苓、泽泻各10g;用清水煎取留汁500mL,分早晚两次温服。研究组在对照组的基础上加以电针治疗,选取华佗夹脊、脾俞、肝俞、肾俞、阿是、委中穴等穴位,脊柱方向倾斜45度斜刺05-1.2寸左右,行连续电针,连续波100赫兹,电压220V,电流强度应以患者舒适为宜;每日TDP灯行一次照射,坚持6d后隔日继续照射。两组均持续治疗3个月后评价疗效。

       1.4 观察指标及评定标准[5]  观察两组骨质疏松症症状分级,参照标准:重(6分):腰背痛7-9度,站立或者行走300m以下出现下直发酸症状,动则目眩;中(4分):腰背痛4-6度,行走300-1000m以下将下肢发酸,时发目眩;轻(2分):腰背痛1-3度,行走1km以上可偶发下肢发酸,偶发目眩,对生活不影响。比较两组腰椎骨密度,分为L1-L2、L3-L4、L1-L4,应用骨密度仪器进行测定;对比两组骨生化指标,包括血清骨桥蛋白(OPN)、血钙,于结束当天取空腹肘静脉血5mL行检测。

       1.5 统计学方法本研究数据均以SPSS17.0统计软件行统计学分析,正态计量资料采用(±s)表示,两组组间比较采用t检验;计数资料用例数[n(%)]来表示,组间率比较采用检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2结果

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3 讨论

        OP主要特征为骨量减少及骨组织显微结构出现改变,将导致患者骨脆性升高,从而增加骨折危险性,属于一种全身性的骨疾病[6]。老年性OP患者由于受病症疼痛折磨,使其生活质量显著降低,致使患者出现负面情绪,不利于临床疗效提升,形成恶性循环[7]。因此,临床需选取合理有效治疗方案,促进患者临床症状及体征改善,提升患者预后质量。有研究指出[8],电针与补肾健脾方联合治疗能够有效提升老年性OP临床疗效,促进其骨密度改善,降低骨折风险,且该方案与西药治疗相比毒副作用减轻,安全性增加,患者依从性高,有助于治疗效果增强。

       本次研究中,研究组骨质疏松症症状分级中,目眩(0.64±0.02)分、腰背疼痛(0.84±0.07)分、步履维艰(0.86±0.05)分、下肢疼痛(0.83±0.07)分均低于对照组;研究组腰椎骨密度L1-L2(725.07±7.45)mg/cm3、L1-L4(653.96±3.03)mg/cm3、L3-L4(609.16±12.36)mg/cm3显著优于对照组;研究组与对照组治疗前骨生化指标水平无显著差异性,两组治疗前后血钙水平无显著差异性,治疗后研究组血清OPN(26.68±4.47)ng/mL较对照组优;此次研究结果与黄武维、杨琳[9]相似,表明补肾健脾方与电针结合可促进患者症状减轻,骨密度改善,从而提升疗效,降低骨折发生率,进而提高患者生活质量。目前,临床西药治疗老年性OP主要对骨转化失衡情况予以调控,应用药物主要有基础治疗药物、骨形成促进药物及骨吸收抑制剂等3大类,一般需多药联合治疗,导致医疗费用较高,不良反应情况增多,患者负担加重,从而影响患者依从性[10-11]。中国中医认为,OP为“骨枯”、“骨痹”、“骨痿”等范畴,其发生与发展同“肾气”具密切联系[12]。患者由于气血不足、肾精亏虚或者由于寒湿之斜入侵,致使骨不生髓,脉络不通,气血痹阻,骨失所养,从而引起髓虚骨疏,出现“骨痿”、“骨痹”情况[13-14]。老年性OP基本病机在于本虚,由于病变在骨,而其本在肾,因此,临床治疗过程应注重补肾益气[15]。其次,老年性OP患者证属本虚标实,多以肾、脾、肝3脏虚弱,发病早期为实证、虚证多见,而久病损耗之后多是虚实夹杂为主,临床需将扶正祛邪作为治疗总纲,在补肾益气同时结合填精生髓、健脾养血等固本之法,并兼施祛瘀止痛、活血行气等祛邪之则,达到标本兼顾,从而缓解患者疼痛,改善临床症状,促进疗效提升[16-17]。补肾健脾方中杜仲、熟地、山药等作为君药,可达到滋补脾肾、兼顾阴阳平衡的效果;其中川断、陈皮等具活血散瘀效果,可行气止痛;诸药协同作用可共奏活血化瘀止痛、补益肝脾肾及强筋壮骨等作用,从而显著改善患者疼痛感,促进老年患者生活质量改善[18-20]。随着中医技术的不断进步,电针治疗应用于临床,在应用补肾健脾方的同时辅之以电针治疗可有助于疗效提升[21]。电针针刺穴位主要为肾俞、脾俞、肝俞等,施针后能够对局部肌肉的痉挛情况予以缓解,促进肌张力恢复,使得局部血液循环得到改善;且有助于抑制骨吸收,促进骨密度增强,从而缓解患者临床症状,使机体OPN水平降低,促进患者生存质量提升[22-23]。研究受例数、样本及环境等多种因素影响,未对治疗结果作详尽分析,需行进一步研究。

        综上所述,电针联合补肾健脾方有助于老年性OP临床症状改善,疼痛减轻,且安全性高,患者依从性高,从而促进患者预后改善,可推广。

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